Transportation Q&A
Questions about transportation are addressed in the following segments:
´¡.ÌýConditions;
µþ.ÌýRequests for Transportation;
°ä.ÌýLate Bus Transportation;
¶Ù.ÌýCentral Pickup Points;
·¡.ÌýTransportation for Handicapped Pupils;
¹ó.ÌýTransportation for Dual Enrollment; and
³Ò.ÌýTransportation for Children Less than School Age.
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A. Conditions
- Are there any school districts that are not required to provide transportation to religious or independent school pupils?
Yes. A public school district may not provide transportation to a religious or independent school that does not currently have a BEDS code. In addition, city school districts that do not provide transportation to public school pupils are not required to provide transportation to religious or independent school pupils. Also, school boards of enlarged city school districts are not required to provide transportation to public school pupils who reside in the city portion of the district. Consequently, none is required for religious or independent school pupils who reside in the city portion of the enlarged city district. However, transportation, within the legal mileage limits, must be provided for public, religious, and independent school pupils who reside in the enlarged portion of the city school district.
- May public school officials require religious or independent school pupils who qualify for transportation to use public service transportation?
Yes. The services must be reasonable and adequate, but they need not be exactly the same for public, religious, and independent school pupils.
- If a city school district opts to provide transportation, must it provide transportation beyond city limits?
No. A city school district is not required to provide such transportation. However, it may provide such transportation upon majority vote of the board of education and may receive State aid for providing this service.
- Is the age of a pupil a factor in determining eligibility for transportation to a religious or independent school?
Yes. Pupils attending religious or independent schools must meet the same age requirements that apply to public school pupils in a particular school district.
- Are public school officials required to provide transportation to pupils attending religious or independent schools during the summer?
No. Such transportation is neither required nor authorized. (See segment E, page 22, regarding transportation of handicapped pupils.)
- Are public school officials required to provide religious or independent school pupils with transportation which exceeds the legal transportation limits that apply to public school pupils?
No. The exception to this is the central pickup point arrangement, which is addressed in segment D.
- Are religious or independent school pupils entitled to be transported distances equal to those which are provided to public school pupils who are transported for the purpose of alleviating racial imbalance?
No. Pupils transported to a public school for the purpose of alleviating racial imbalance are not in like circumstances to pupils attending a religious or independent school with respect to eligibility for transportation.
- Are religious or independent school pupils who live less than two miles from an elementary school (K-8) or less than three miles from a secondary school (9-12) eligible for transportation?
No. However, if a school district provides transportation for public school pupils who live closer to their schools than these stated limits, it must provide transportation to religious or independent school pupils who are in the same circumstances.
- With the exception of New York City, are school districts required to provide transportation to religious or independent schools on days when public schools are scheduled to be closed?
No. However, districts that do provide transportation to religious or independent schools on days when the public schools are closed may claim State aid for providing that service.
- Is the school district of New York City required to provide transportation to religious or independent schools on any days when the public schools are scheduled to be closed?
Yes. The religious or independent school administrator may choose five days from among the following on which transportation is to be provided: the Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday after Labor Day, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, and the week between Christmas Day and New Year's Day. The board of education has discretion to provide transportation beyond the five days mandated by law provided that the total number of transportation days does not exceed 180 and that the additional days of service are not Federal holidays. If the board of education chooses to provide these additional days of service, it may not claim State aid.
- Is a non city school district required to provide transportation for pupils to religious or independent schools which are located beyond the school district boundaries or to religious or independent schools which are located outside of New York State?
Yes. Transportation must be provided up to a limit of 15 miles. (See also segment D, page 21). Out of state schools are not subject to NY State laws or regulations. NY State residents attending a religiousÌýschool out of state are still entitled to transportation within the legal mileage limits.
- In the event two or more parochial schools of the same denomination are within the maximum distance allowed for transporting public school pupils, may the parents of a religious or independent school pupil designate the school to which transportation will be provided?
Yes.
- Is a school district required to furnish to a pupil directly to or from the pupil's home?
School districts generally are not required to transport pupils on a door-to-door basis. However, some handicapped pupils do require door-to-door transportation.
- Is a school district required to provide transportation because of hazardous conditions?
No. Eligibility for transportation is based solely on the distance between a pupil's home and the school which he or she attends.
- If there is a transfer point, who is responsible for the supervision of pupils during the time they wait for and change buses?
The school district is responsible for reasonable supervision of pupils at transfer points.
- Are there any laws or rules and regulations regarding limitations on the amount of time pupils may be required to travel on school buses?
No. However, the amount of time should be reasonable in terms of distances traveled and services provided for pupils in like circumstances.
- May public school officials refuse to provide transportation for religious or independent school pupils at the close of a half-day of kindergarten program?
No.
- May public school officials deny transportation to religious or independent school pupils when the school which they attend has a daily schedule which differs from the public school schedule?
Transportation may be denied if the religious or independent school schedule is unreasonable or differs significantly from the public school schedule. Public and religious/independent school officials are strongly urged to cooperate in the planning schedules which accommodate the needs of all pupils in the most efficient and economical way.
- May public school officials enter into contracts with the parents of religious or independent school pupils to provide transportation for their own children?
Yes. However, such contracts are subject to the approval of the Commissioner of Education which is based, in part, on a test for reasonable cost. The contract is subject to competitive bidding if it exceeds $5,000. If the contract is limited to reimbursement for expenses, as distinguished from wage or salary expenses, the requirements of Article 19-A of the Vehicle and Traffic Law do not apply. However, if wages or salary are paid, then the parent is required to comply with Article 19-A. In either case the vehicle which the parent uses for such transportation must be inspected by the Department of Transportation.
- May public school officials enter into contracts with the parents of religious or independent school pupils to provide transportation to other than their own children?
Yes. However, the parent must meet all requirements for qualification as a school bus driver as stipulated in Section 156.3 of the Regulations of the Commissioner of Education. The parent must also satisfy all of the appropriate requirements described in the answer to question 19 above. In this case, however, the parent must comply with Article 19-A of the Vehicle and Traffic Law.
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B. Requests for Transportation
- Are the parents of religious or independent school pupils required to request public school authorization to provide transportation to their children?
Yes. Parents must request transportation services in writing by April 1. This can be done directly to public school authorities, or, in some cases, requests are channeled through the religious or independent school to the public school authorities. However, the obligation to submit a timely request rests with the parents, and the neglect of the religious or independent school authorities to file a request is not a reasonable excuse.
- Are public school officials obligated in any way to notify or remind the parents of religious or independent school pupils that requests for transportation are due?
No. The law does not require public school officials to notify parents. However, it is recommended that districts publish the dates in a local newspaper or use other means to inform parents of the due date.
- Must the requests for transportation which are made on behalf of the religious or independent school pupils be made in writing?
Yes. In most cases the board of education provides request forms for this purpose.
- Is there a deadline for submitting written requests for transportation from home to a religious or independent school?
Yes. The deadline is the first day of April which precedes the next school year. In other words, requests for transportation which is to begin in September must be made by April 1.
- Must a written request for transportation be made every year?
Yes. Public school officials need to know every year who is requesting transportation in order to provide efficient service.
- If a pupil moves into a public school district after April 1, must the district provide transportation to a religious or independent school?
Yes. If the district receives a request from a new resident after April 1, the request must be treated in the same way as requests received before April 1, provided that it is received by local school officials within 30 days of the date on which the pupil became a legal resident of the school district.
- How must a board of education accommodate the request for transportation when the parent has requested transportation to one religious or independent school prior to April 1 and then decides to transfer the pupil to another religious or independent school?
This should be addressed in the same way as a late request; that is, the transportation should be provided if it will entail no extra expense to the district or if the board finds the reason for the transfer to be reasonable.
- When is a request considered to be "late"?
A "late" request is one filed by a resident after the April 1 deadline or by a new resident more than 30 days after moving into the district.
- May public school officials deny a request for transportation to a religious or independent school simply because the request was not submitted on time?
No. Late requests must be granted if there are good reasons for the delay.
- Who has the authority to decide which reasons are good and which are unacceptable reasons for a late request?
This authority rests with the board of education, whose policies are carried out by the public school officials.
- Are public school officials required to honor a late request for transportation if providing that transportation would result in additional cost to the school district?
Yes. A late request must be honored if a reasonable excuse is provided for the delay in filing a timely request.
- May public school officials deny a late request if there is an empty seat on the bus which would be designated to transport the religious or independent school pupil and the provision of such transportation would not result in additional cost to the school district?
No. As long as there is an empty seat on the bus which the pupil would normally be assigned, a request cannot be denied, even if it is submitted late and even if the excuses for making the late request are not reasonable, provided that there would not be any additional cost to the school district.
- Do parents of religious or independent school pupils have recourse in the event public school officials deny a transportation request?
Yes. The parent of a pupil who is denied transportation to a religious or independent school may make an appeal to the Commissioner of Education, if a satisfactory resolution cannot be reached with the transportation office, the superintendent, or the board of education.
- Are there specific procedures for making an appeal to the Commissioner of Education?
Yes. Copies of the procedure to be used for making an appeal may be obtained from the Education Department.
- Is there any time limit for making an appeal to the Commissioner?
Yes. An appeal must be filed within 30 days from the date on which the board of education denied the transportation, or the appeal may be denied on the basis of timeliness.
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C. Late Bus Transportation
- Are school districts required to provide late bus transportation?
School districts may provide late bus transportation but are not required by law to do so. However, many districts do provide late bus transportation to allow pupils to take advantage of after-school activities and programs. If late bus transportation is provided, it must be made available equally to religious/independent and public school pupils. The district may receive State aid for providing this service.
- If a school district provides late bus transportation in some circumstances, is the district required to provide it in all circumstances?
No. School districts are not required to provide late bus transportation specifically for convenience, regardless of the number of pupils involved, nor is there any requirement that late transportation be provided from all schools simply because it is provided from one or two schools. School officials have the prerogative of establishing late bus transportation policy as they see fit. However, such policies must apply equally to religious/independent and public school pupils.
- Is it necessary to request late bus transportation if approval has been received for regular transportation?
Yes. Religious or independent school officials or parents of the pupils involved should make a special request for late bus transportation. However, there are no deadlines for such requests. They should be made with sufficient time for school officials to make arrangements to honor the requests.
- Do the parents of religious or independent school pupils have recourse if public school officials deny their request for late bus transportation?
Yes. They may appeal to the Commissioner of Education. (See segment B, questions 13, 14, and 15).
- Are school districts required to provide religious or independent school pupils with transportation for field trips, athletic events, religious instruction, etc.?
No. School districts are not allowed to provide such transportation.
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D. Central Pickup Points
- Is a school district required to provide transportation to a religious or independent school which is more than 15 miles from the home of the religious or independent school pupil?
Transportation beyond 15 miles is required only in accordance with the provisions of the pickup point law.
- Is a school district required to provide a central pickup point for a religious or independent school pupil whose school is more than 15 miles from the pupil’s home?
A school district must establish at least one central pickup point if it is currently transporting a pupil to the religious or independent school to which transportation is requested. Religious or independent school pupils who reside more than 15 miles from the religious or independent school are eligible for transportation between the pickup point and the religious or independent school.
- Is a school district required to provide a religious or independent school pupil with transportation to the pickup point or from the pickup point to the pupil’s home?
No. Transportation between the pickup point and the pupil’s home is neither required nor authorized by the pickup point law.
- Must the pickup point be within 15 miles of the religious or independent school?
No. The distance between the pickup point and the school may be more than 15 miles.
- Are all religious or independent school pupils who live 15 miles or more from school eligible for transportation from the pickup points to school?
If there are no pupils attending a religious or independent school who live less than 15 miles from that religious or independent school, then pupils who live more than 15 miles from that school are not eligible for transportation to that school from a central pickup point.
However, a board of education may at its discretion provide transportation for religious or independent school pupils who live 15 miles or more from the school they attend if the distance between the pickup point and the religious or independent school is not more than 15 miles and if such transportation had been provided between one or more pickup points to the same religious or independent school in at least one of the immediately preceding three school years.
- May a board of education deny transportation from a pickup point if the transportation would require adding another bus for service to the religious or independent school?
No. The district is required to make the necessary arrangements to transport all eligible pupils.
- May the designated pickup point be at a bus garage, administrative center owned by the school district, or some other convenient location?
No. The school district is required to designate a public school or schools as pickup points.
- If a district has several buildings, must all buildings be designated as pickup points?
No. A board of education can designate one or more public school buildings as pickup points.
- May a school district deny transportation from a pickup point to a religious or independent school if the money appropriated in the budget is insufficient to pay for the additional transportation?
No. These transportation expenditures are an ordinary contingent expense.
- May public transportation be used as an alternative to school bus transportation from a pickup point?
Yes.
- Is the school district responsible for supervision of pupils at the pickup point until transportation to the religious or independent school arrives?
Yes. The school district is responsible for providing supervision for appropriate times prior to arrival and departure times of the school bus.
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E. Transportation for Pupils with Handicapping Conditions
- Must all school districts provide suitable transportation for all handicapped pupils to the public or religious/independent schools they attend?
Yes. Districts must provide the transportation stipulated in the pupil’s Individualized Education Plan (IEP).
- Which district is responsible for providing transportation of religious or independent school pupils with handicapping conditions to participate in special education programs?
The school district in which the pupil resides is responsible for providing the necessary transportation.
- Are all pupils with handicapping conditions entitled to special transportation solely because they have been so identified?
No. The nature of the handicap is the basis for determining any special transportation.
- Are there any deadlines for making special transportation requests for handicapped pupils?
No.
- Must school districts provide transportation for handicapped pupils to special education programs and services held in public schools or at neutral sites?
Yes. Religious or independent school pupils who receive special education programs and services must be transported by the school district providing the service if the distance between the religious or independent school and the school or site exceeds ¼ of a mile, or for a lesser distance if required by the pupil’s needs as indicated in his/her IEP.
- Are handicapped pupils subject to the transportation distance limits which apply to non-handicapped pupils?
Yes. The same distance limits apply to handicapped pupils as to nonhandicapped pupils except for pupils whose IEPs specify different transportation arrangements.
- Are there any limits in how far handicapped pupils may be transported between home and school daily?
Yes. Handicapped pupils may not be transported more than 50 miles each way to and from school daily. However, the Commissioner of Education may authorize transportation beyond 50 miles each way if an appropriate nonresidential service, school, or program is not available within 50 miles of the pupil’s home.
- Are handicapped pupils entitled to transportation to residential programs regardless of distance?
Yes. The district must provide transportation for pupils with handicapping conditions to residential programs regardless of distance.
- Are school districts required to provide transportation to handicapped pupils who are attending summer programs?
School districts are required to provide transportation to special education programs for pupils whose handicapping conditions are severe enough to need a structured learning environment 12 months a year and to those attending summer programs, if the Individualized Education Plan so specifies.
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F. Transportation for Dual Enrollment
- Are school districts required to provide transportation for religious or independent school pupils to dual enrollment programs which are held in the public schools?
Yes. Religious or independent school pupils who receive services under the provisions for dual enrollment which appear in Section 3602 (c) (4) of the Education Law must be provided with transportation by the school district providing the services if the distance between the public and the religious/independent schools exceed ¼ mile or of indicated in the pupil’s IEP.
- Is the school district required to provide transportation between the public and religious or independent school when the distance between the schools exceeds 15 miles?
Yes. Transportation which exceeds 15 miles must be provided for a pupil in a dual enrollment program.
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G. Transportation for Children Less than School Age
- Are school districts required to provide transportation for a child of less than school age to and from the school which his or her parent legally attends pursuant to Section 3635 1.f. of Education Law?
No. However, a board of education may, at its discretion, provide such transportation and receive transportation aid for this service.
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